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[43] [44] Prolonged-release melatonin is safe with long-term use of up to 12 months. [11] Although not recommended for long-term use beyond this, [ 45 ] low-dose melatonin is generally safer, and a better alternative, than many prescription and over-the-counter sleep aids if a sleeping medication must be used for an extended period of time.
Melatonin supplements can lull you to sleep on restless nights, but too much may lead to more rest disruption; here's what sleep experts say about proper dosage for adults and children.
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Melatonin supplements for sleep come with side effects and their use may raise safety concerns, experts say. There's little evidence they help with insomnia.
The plasma maximum concentration of melatonin at night are 80–120 pg/mL and the concentrations during the day are between 10–20 pg/mL. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] Many animals and humans use the variation in duration of melatonin production each day as a seasonal clock. [ 78 ]
The usage of melatonin as a treatment for insomnia in adults has increased from 0.4% between 1999 and 2000 to nearly 2.1% between 2017 and 2018. [164] While the use of melatonin in the short-term has been proven to be generally safe and is shown to not be a dependent medication, side effects can still occur. [165]
The popular sleep aid can have side effects.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a common symptom of several heart conditions such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, in addition to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sleep apnea. [8] Other symptoms that may be seen alongside paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are weakness, orthopnea, edema, fatigue, and dyspnea. [9]