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  2. Race-norming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race-norming

    Race-norming, more formally called within-group score conversion and score adjustment strategy, is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test-taker. [1] In the United States, it was first implemented by the Federal Government in 1981 with little publicity, [ 2 ] and was subsequently outlawed by the ...

  3. NFL, players agree to end 'race-norming' in $1B settlement - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/nfl-set-propose-fix-race...

    The revised testing plan follows public outrage over the use of “race-norming,” a practice that came to light only after two former NFL players filed a civil rights lawsuit over it last year ...

  4. The NFL has promised to end 'race-norming,' which assumed ...

    www.aol.com/news/nfl-promised-end-race-norming...

    The news comes after the use of the norm was called out in two lawsuits and a petition which collected nearly 50,000 signatures.

  5. Racial formation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_formation_theory

    In order to delve further into the topic of racial formation, practitioners explore the question of what "race" is. Racial formation theory is a framework that seeks to deconstruct race as it exists today in the United States. To do this, the authors first explore the historical development of race as a dynamic and fluid social construct. This ...

  6. Lawyers battle over 'race-norming' in NFL dementia tests - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/lawyers-battle-over-race...

    Lawyers challenging the “race-norming” practice insist they need to be part of the latest round of mediation with the NFL to ensure fairness for Black players, who make up the majority of the ...

  7. List of NFL players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFL_players_with...

    The NFL was heavily criticized when it became known that race norming, which assumed that black players started with lower cognitive levels than white players, was being used in determining whether players qualified for help in the initial years of the settlement. The parties to the settlement discontinued the use of race norming in June 2021.

  8. Judge approves revised plan to fix racial bias in NFL ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/sports/judge-approves-revised-plan...

    Retired Black NFL players who had their concussion claims rejected can now resubmit and be retested, this time without race-norming. Judge approves revised plan to fix racial bias in NFL ...

  9. Linda Gottfredson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Gottfredson

    Her views on the relationship between race and intelligence and her vocal opposition to policies such as affirmative action, hiring quotas, and "race-norming" on aptitude tests, [29] as well as her funding by the Pioneer Fund, have led the Southern Poverty Law Center to describe her as a promoter of eugenics, scientific racism, and white ...