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A1c is of particular interest because it is easy to detect. The process by which sugars attach to hemoglobin is called glycation and the reference system is based on HbA1c, defined as beta-N-1-deoxy fructosyl hemoglobin as component. [4] There are several ways to measure glycated hemoglobin, of which HbA1c (or simply A1c) is a standard single ...
Unit conversion formula from mmol/L to mg/dL [5] m g / d L = m m o l / L × m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t ÷ 10 {\displaystyle mg/dL=mmol/L\times molecular\ weight\div 10} Since the molecular mass of glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 is 180.156 g/mol, the factor between the two units is about 18, so 1 mmol/L of glucose is equivalent to 18 mg/dL.
In the blood, there is a molecule called hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the cells. Glucose can attach itself to this molecule and if the BG is consistently high, the value of the A1c will go up. This test, unlike the other tests, is measured as a percentage because the test measure the proportion of all the hemoglobin that has glucose attached.
All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma) All values in Hematology – white blood cells; Platelet count (Plt) A few values are for inside red blood cells only: Vitamin B 9 (folic acid/folate) in red blood cells; Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure. [22] Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16]
Prediabetes is a component of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that fall below the threshold to diagnose diabetes mellitus.It usually does not cause symptoms but people with prediabetes often have obesity (especially abdominal or visceral obesity), dyslipidemia with high triglycerides and/or low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. [1]
The American Diabetes Association additionally recommends a diagnosis of diabetes for anyone with symptoms of hyperglycemia and blood sugar at any time at or above 11.1 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C) levels at or above 48 mmol/mol (6.5%). [42]
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. [70] This is in contrast to type 1 diabetes in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas and gestational diabetes that is a new onset of high blood sugars associated ...
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