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The festival of the Nile as depicted in Norden's Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie Map of the Nile river. The flooding of the Nile (commonly referred to as the inundation) has been an important natural cycle in Nubia and Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil.
Because the precise timing of the flood varied, the months of "Inundation" no longer precisely reflected the state of the river but the season was usually the time of the annual flooding. [10] This event was vital to the people because the waters left behind fertile silt and moisture, which were the source of the land's fertility.
The Sobat River, which joins the Nile a short distance below Lake No, drains about half as much land, 225,000 km 2 (86,900 sq mi), but contributes 412 cubic meters per second (14,500 cu ft/s) annually to the Nile. [47] When in flood the Sobat carries a large amount of sediment, adding greatly to the White Nile's color. [48]
The White Nile flooded part of its valley [129] and reconnected to the main Nile. [118] [h] In Egypt widespread flooding by the "Wild Nile" took place; [115] this "Wild Nile" period [131] led to the largest recorded floods on this river [98] and sedimentation in floodplains. [132]
A nilometer is a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the annual flood season in Egypt. [1] There were three main types of nilometers, calibrated in Egyptian cubits: (1) a vertical column, (2) a corridor stairway of steps leading down to the Nile, and (3) a deep well with a culvert. [1]
Egyptian civilization has sustained itself utilizing water management and agriculture for some 5,000 years in the Nile River valley. The Egyptians practiced basin irrigation, a form of water management adapted to the natural rise and fall of the Nile River. Since around 3000 BCE, the Egyptians constructed earthen banks to form flood basins of ...
The flow of the Blue Nile reaches maximum volume in the rainy season from June to September, when it supplies 80–86% of the water of the Nile proper. The river was a major source of the flooding of the Nile in Egypt that contributed to the fertility of the Nile Valley and the consequent rise of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian mythology.
A road going through the flooded savannah The Nile Delta upstream of Cairo in 1961. At the northern end is the Nile Delta, 175 km long by 260 km wide. There are some lakes and lagoons with marshes near the seacoast; some of the larger are Lake Burullus and Lake Manzala. The topsoil in the delta is up to 21 meters in depth and intensely used for ...