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The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
Version 7 Unix: /etc listing, showing init and rc Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system.
systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux [7] operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. [8] Its primary component is a "system and service manager" — an init system used to bootstrap user space and manage user processes.
A runlevel is a mode of operation in the computer operating systems that implements Unix System V-style initialization. Conventionally, seven runlevels exist, numbered from zero to six. Conventionally, seven runlevels exist, numbered from zero to six.
In Linux systems, initrd (initial ramdisk) is a scheme for loading a temporary root file system into memory, to be used as part of the Linux startup process. initrd and initramfs (from INITial RAM File System) refer to two different methods of achieving this. Both are commonly used to make preparations before the real root file system can be ...
The disk, tape or card deck must contain a special program to load the actual operating system or standalone utility into main storage, and for this specific purpose "IPL Text" is placed on the disk by the stand-alone DASDI (Direct Access Storage Device Initialization) program or an equivalent program running under an operating system, e.g ...
Bash executes these files as part of its standard initialization, but other startup files can read them in a different order than the documented Bash startup sequence. The default content of the root user's files may also have issues, as well as the skeleton files the system provides to new user accounts upon setup.
initialize chipset; discover, initialize, and catalog all system buses and devices; provide a user interface for system's configuration; construct whatever system environment is required by the target operating system; In early BIOSes, POST did not organize or select boot devices, it simply identified floppy or hard disks, which the system ...