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  2. Pathophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology

    Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain ...

  3. Translational research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_research

    Translational research (also called translation research, translational science, or, when the context is clear, simply translation) [1] [2] is research aimed at translating (converting) results in basic research into results that directly benefit humans.

  4. Pathology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology

    Molecular pathology is multidisciplinary by nature and shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics and genetics. It is often applied in a context that is as much scientific as directly medical and encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches ...

  5. Iron overload - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_overload

    Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.

  6. Natural history of disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_history_of_disease

    The medical field has developed many different interventions to diagnose, prevent, treat, and rehabilitate the natural course of disease. In artificially changing this evolution of disease, doctors hope to prevent the death of their patients by either curing them or reducing their long-term effects. [citation needed]

  7. DNA repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

    DNA repair rate is an important determinant of cell pathology. Experimental animals with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair often show decreased life span and increased cancer incidence. [ 13 ] For example, mice deficient in the dominant NHEJ pathway and in telomere maintenance mechanisms get lymphoma and infections more often, and, as a ...

  8. Google Translate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate

    Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. [3]

  9. Pathological science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathological_science

    Irving Langmuir coined the phrase pathological science in a talk in 1953.. Pathological science, as defined by Langmuir, is a psychological process in which a scientist, originally conforming to the scientific method, unconsciously veers from that method, and begins a pathological process of wishful data interpretation (see the observer-expectancy effect and cognitive bias).