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The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, arises behind the neck of the mandible, and is at first imbedded in the substance of the parotid gland; it passes forward between the ramus of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, and then runs, either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle, to the pterygopalatine fossa.
Branches of the maxillary artery. References. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 561 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
The pharyngeal trunk usually consists of several branches which supply the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the stylopharyngeus, ramifying in their substance and in the mucous membranes lining them. These branches are in hemodynamic equilibrium with contributors from the internal maxillary artery. The neuromeningeal trunk ...
The first and second arches disappear early. A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, [3] a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the second develops into the ascending pharyngeal artery, and its dorsal end gives origin to the stapedial artery, [3] a vessel which typically atrophies in humans [4] [5] but persists in some mammals.
Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery - "rami pharyngeales arteriae pharyngeae ascendentis" Pharyngeal branch of artery of pterygoid canal - "ramus pharyngeus arteriae canalis pterygoidei" Pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery; Pharyngeal branches of inferior thyroid artery - "rami pharyngeales arteriae thyroideae inferioris"
In this case; the artery passes backward along the pterygoid canal with the corresponding nerve.It is distributed to the upper part of the pharynx and to the auditory tube, sending into the tympanic cavity a small branch which anastomoses with the other tympanic arteries.
The pharyngeal artery passes inferior-ward in between the superior margin of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, and the levator veli palatini muscle. It issues branches to the constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the stylopharyngeus muscle, the pharyngotympanic tube, and palatine tonsil; a palatine branch may sometimes be present ...
It descends through the greater palatine canal with the greater and lesser palatine branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion, and, emerging from the greater palatine foramen, runs forward in a groove on the medial side of the alveolar border of the hard palate to the incisive canal; the terminal branch of the artery passes upward through this canal to anastomose with the sphenopalatine artery.