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Abnormalities of the thymus can result in a decreased number of T cells and autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and myasthenia gravis. These are often associated with cancer of the tissue of the thymus, called thymoma , or tissues arising from immature lymphocytes such as T cells, called lymphoma .
A third of all people with a thymoma have symptoms caused by compression of the surrounding organs by an expansive mass. These problems may take the form of superior vena cava syndrome, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), cough, or chest pain. [2] One-third of patients have their tumors discovered because they have an associated autoimmune disorder.
TECs, as a component of the thymus, play a key role in thymocyte development and self-tolerance, so their dysfunction causes many autoimmune diseases, tumors of immunodeficiencies. Most frequently are occurred epithelial tumors established from TEC and thymocytes - thymomas and thymic carcinoma.
Thymoma is a common neoplasm arising from the thymus, the primary lymphoid organ where T cells become educated to distinguish "self" from "non self". In the setting of thymoma, abnormal thymic education occurs as a result of subtle differences in antigen processing. In TAMA these differences result in autoreactive T cells escaping from the thymus.
Thymic hypoplasia is a condition where the thymus is underdeveloped or ... There are various causes of thymic hypoplasia such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ...
AIRE is a transcription factor expressed in the medulla [broken anchor] (inner part) of the thymus. It is part of the mechanism which eliminates self-reactive T cells that would cause autoimmune disease. It exposes T cells to normal, healthy proteins from all parts of the body, and T cells that react to those proteins are destroyed.
Thymus hyperplasia refers to an enlargement ("hyperplasia") of the thymus. [1] It is not always a disease state. The size of the thymus usually peaks during adolescence and atrophies in the following decades. Before the immune function of the thymus was well understood, the enlargement was sometimes seen as a cause for alarm, and justification ...
Immunodeficiency involves both deficient humoral and cellular immunity. Patients have low total serum antibodies. The thymoma may inhibit the thymus’s normal role in production of self-tolerant T lymphocytes. These T-lymphocytes then attack the B cell precursors in the marrow, preventing maturation and ultimately resulting in ...