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Once the mineral is extracted, it is often then processed. The science of extractive metallurgy is a specialized area in the science of metallurgy that studies the extraction of valuable metals from their ores, especially through chemical or mechanical means. [59] [60]
Surface gold mine with haul truck in foreground, in Kalgoorlie, Australia. Mining engineering is the extraction of minerals from the ground. It is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying.
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...
Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy. [1] ... science and engineering.
The others – copper, lead, silver, tin, iron, and mercury – occur primarily as minerals, although native copper is occasionally found in commercially significant quantities. These minerals are primarily carbonates, sulfides, or oxides of the metal, mixed with other components such as silica and alumina.
Mineral exploration – Finding commercially viable concentrations of minerals to mine. Mining – Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth; Hydrocarbon exploration – Attempts to locate oil and gas; United States Geological Survey – Scientific agency of the US government
The extraction of minerals from ore can be done two ways: placer mining, which uses water and gravity to concentrate the valuable minerals, or hard rock mining, which pulverizes the rock containing the ore and then relies on chemical reactions to concentrate the sought-after material.
In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining. [2] Kittilä Gold Mine in Kittilä, Finland is the largest primary gold producer in Europe. [3] [4] Open-pit mining is considered one of the most dangerous sectors in the industrial world.