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Ton and tonne are both derived from a Germanic word in general use in the North Sea area since the Middle Ages (cf. Old English and Old Frisian tunne, Old High German and Medieval Latin tunna, German and French tonne) to designate a large cask, or tun. [8] A full tun, standing about a metre high, could easily weigh a tonne.
The tun (Old English: tunne, Latin: tunellus, Medieval Latin: tunna) is an English unit of liquid volume (not weight), used for measuring wine, [1] oil or honey. Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons , but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. [ 2 ]
[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [4] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
The ton is derived from the tun, the term applied to a cask of the largest capacity.This could contain a volume between 175 and 213 imperial gallons (210 and 256 US gal; 800 and 970 L), which could weigh around 2,000 pounds (910 kg) and occupy some 60 cubic feet (1.7 m 3) of space.
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping.The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
The tun is a cask that is double the size of a butt and is equal to eight barrels and has a capacity of 252 imperial gallons (303 US gal; 1,150 L). Invented in Brentford, a tun was used in local breweries to measure large amounts of alcohol.
A long ton, also called the weight ton (W/T), [1] imperial ton, or displacement ton, is equal to: . 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kilograms; 1.0160 metric tons) exactly 12% more than the 2,000 pounds of the North American short ton, being 20 long hundredweight (112 lb) rather than 20 short hundredweight (100 lb)
The metric ton is the name used for the tonne (1000 kg, 2 204.622 62 lb), which is about 1.6% less than the long ton. The US customary system also includes the kip , equivalent to 1,000 pounds of force, which is also occasionally used as a unit of weight of 1,000 pounds (usually in engineering contexts).