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Funkhouser, H. Gray (1930), "A short account of the history of symmetric functions of roots of equations", American Mathematical Monthly, 37 (7), Mathematical Association of America: 357– 365, doi:10.2307/2299273, JSTOR 2299273; Vinberg, E. B. (2003), A course in algebra, American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I, ISBN 0-8218-3413-4
The solutions of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 correspond to the roots of the function f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, since they are the values of x for which f(x) = 0. If a , b , and c are real numbers and the domain of f is the set of real numbers, then the roots of f are exactly the x - coordinates of the points where the graph touches the ...
In the remaining of the section, suppose that a 0 ≠ 0. If it is not the case, zero is a root, and the localization of the other roots may be studied by dividing the polynomial by a power of the indeterminate, getting a polynomial with a nonzero constant term.
A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic, that is, relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and extraction of n th roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.). A well-known example is the quadratic formula
The polynomial x 2 + 1 = 0 has roots ± i. Any real square matrix of odd degree has at least one real eigenvalue. For example, if the matrix is orthogonal, then 1 or −1 is an eigenvalue. The polynomial + has roots , +,, and thus can be factored as
More generally, we find that + + + + is the positive real root of the equation x 3 − x − n = 0 for all n > 0. For n = 1, this root is the plastic ratio ρ, approximately equal to 1.3247. The same procedure also works to get as the real root of the equation x 3 + x − n = 0 for all n > 1.
One particular solution is x = 0, y = 0, z = 0. Two other solutions are x = 3, y = 6, z = 1, and x = 8, y = 9, z = 2. There is a unique plane in three-dimensional space which passes through the three points with these coordinates, and this plane is the set of all points whose coordinates are solutions of the equation.
For example, taking the statement x + 1 = 0, if x is substituted with 1, this implies 1 + 1 = 2 = 0, which is false, which implies that if x + 1 = 0 then x cannot be 1. If x and y are integers, rationals, or real numbers, then xy = 0 implies x = 0 or y = 0. Consider abc = 0. Then, substituting a for x and bc for y, we learn a = 0 or bc = 0.