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  2. Orbital hybridisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation

    In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.

  3. Thionyl tetrafluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thionyl_tetrafluoride

    Thionyl tetrafluoride, also known as sulfur tetrafluoride oxide, is an inorganic compound with the formula S O F 4.It is a colorless gas.. The shape of the molecule is a distorted trigonal bipyramid, with the oxygen found on the equator.

  4. Sulfur tetrafluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_tetrafluoride

    Sulfur in SF 4 is in the +4 oxidation state, with one lone pair of electrons. The atoms in SF 4 are arranged in a see-saw shape, with the sulfur atom at the center.One of the three equatorial positions is occupied by a nonbonding lone pair of electrons.

  5. Three-center four-electron bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-center_four-electron...

    3, X = F, Br, Cl, I) via a molecular orbital (MO) description, building on the concept of the "half-bond" introduced by Rundle in 1947. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In this model, two of the four electrons occupy an all in-phase bonding MO, while the other two occupy a non-bonding MO, leading to an overall bond order of 0.5 between adjacent atoms (see Molecular ...

  6. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    Bent's rule can be extended to rationalize the hybridization of nonbonding orbitals as well. On the one hand, a lone pair (an occupied nonbonding orbital) can be thought of as the limiting case of an electropositive substituent, with electron density completely polarized towards the central atom.

  7. Square planar molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_planar_molecular...

    Representative d-orbital splitting diagrams for square planar complexes featuring σ-donor (left) and σ+π-donor (right) ligands. A general d-orbital splitting diagram for square planar (D 4h) transition metal complexes can be derived from the general octahedral (O h) splitting diagram, in which the d z 2 and the d x 2 −y 2 orbitals are degenerate and higher in energy than the degenerate ...

  8. Fluorination by sulfur tetrafluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorination_by_sulfur...

    Fluorination by sulfur tetrafluoride produces organofluorine compounds from oxygen-containing organic functional groups using sulfur tetrafluoride.The reaction has broad scope, and SF 4 is an inexpensive reagent.

  9. Localized molecular orbitals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localized_molecular_orbitals

    For instance, the lone pairs of water are usually treated as two equivalent sp x hybrid orbitals, while the corresponding "nonbonding" orbitals of carbenes are generally treated as a filled σ(out) orbital and an unfilled pure p orbital, even though the lone pairs of water could be described analogously by filled σ(out) and p orbitals (for ...