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Bedforms are omnipresent in many environments (e.g., fluvial, eolian, glaciofluvial, deltaic and deep sea), although there is still some debate on how they develop. There are two separate, though not mutually exclusive, [ 2 ] models of bedform initiation: defect initiation and instantaneous initiation.
English: Bedforms formed in sand in channels under unidirectional flow. Numbers correspond broadly to increasing flow regime, i.e., increasing water flow velocity. Blue arrows show schematically flow lines in the water above the bed. Flow is always from left to right.
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Bedforms are generated by aeolian sediment transport in the terrestrial near-surface environment. Ripples [ 1 ] and dunes [ 2 ] form as a natural self-organizing response to sediment transport. Aeolian sediment transport is common on beaches and in the arid regions of the world, because it is in these environments that vegetation does not ...
Antidune bedforms evolve rapidly, growing in amplitude as they migrate upstream. The resultant wave at the water's surface also increases in amplitude. When that wave becomes unstable, breaks and washes downstream, much of the antidune bedform may be destroyed.
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; ... These bedforms are often preserved in sedimentary rocks and can be used to estimate the direction and magnitude of ...
Current ripple marks, unidirectional ripples, or asymmetrical ripple marks are asymmetrical in profile, with a gentle up-current slope and a steeper down-current slope. The down-current slope is the angle of repose, which depends on the shape of the sediment.
Cyclic steps are rhythmic bedforms associated with Froude super-critical flow instability. [1] [2] They are a type of sediment wave, [3] and are created when supercritical sediment-laden water (turbidity currents) travels downslope through sediment beds. [4] Each ‘step’ has a steep drop, and together they tend to migrate upstream. [5]