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The second leading cause of global disability burden in 2020 was unipolar depression, and research showed that depression was twice as likely to be prevalent in women than in men. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 13 ] Gender-based mental health disparities suggest that gender is a factor that could be leading to unequal health outcomes.
[3] [15] For instance, a person may be vulnerable to becoming depressed but will not develop depression unless he or she is exposed to a specific stress, which may trigger a depressive disorder. [16] Stressors can take the form of a discrete event, such as the divorce of parents or a death in the family, or can be more chronic factors such as ...
Different aspects of a person's life will affect their stress levels through work. In comparing women and men, there is a higher risk for women to experience stress, anxiety and others forms of psychological stress in response to their work life than there is for men due to societal expectations of women.
[146] [147] Cognitive dispositional factors implicated in depression have also been found to be implicated in burnout. [148] One cause of burnout includes stressors that a person is unable to cope with fully. [149] A 2019 survey by Cartridge People concluded that workload was the main cause of workplace stress. [150]
Mental fitness is intended to build resilience against every-day mental and potentially physical health challenges to prevent an escalation of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. [162] This can help people, including older adults with health challenges, to more effectively cope with the escalation of those feelings if they occur. [163]
Also, people who do not believe that stress will affect their health do not have an increased risk of illness, disease, or death. [73] This suggests that there are individual differences in vulnerability to the potential pathogenic effects of stress; individual differences in vulnerability arise due to both genetic and psychological factors.
Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.
Mental distress or psychological distress encompasses the symptoms and experiences of a person's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary. Mental distress can potentially lead to a change of behavior, affect a person's emotions in a negative way, and affect their relationships with the people around ...
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