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Endometrial hyperplasia (simple or complex) - Irregularity and cystic expansion of glands (simple) or crowding and budding of glands (complex) without worrisome changes in the appearance of individual gland cells. In one study, 1.6% of patients diagnosed with these abnormalities eventually developed endometrial cancer. [6]
Uterine glands or endometrial glands are tubular glands, lined by a simple columnar epithelium, found in the functional layer of the endometrium that lines the uterus. Their appearance varies during the menstrual cycle. During the proliferative phase, uterine glands appear long due to estrogen secretion by the ovaries.
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a premalignant lesion of the uterine lining that predisposes to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is composed of a collection of abnormal endometrial cells, arising from the glands that line the uterus , which have a tendency over time to progress to the most common form of uterine cancer ...
It has been agreed that the term "metropathia haemorrhagica" should be discarded along with many other older terms for menstrual disorders. [6] [4] Due to diffuse polyposis typical presentation is that of a female (40-45 yrs) With a history of Amenorrhea for 2 weeks Followed by excessive menstrual bleeding cause being anovulation Histopathology:
There are a number of indications for obtaining an endometrial biopsy from a non-pregnant woman: [citation needed]. Women with chronic anovulation such as the polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for endometrial problems and an endometrial biopsy may be useful to assess their lining specifically to rule out endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
Uterine adenomyoma, the localized form of uterine adenomyosis, is a tumor composed of endometrial gland tissue and smooth muscle in the myometrium. [2] Adenomyomas containing endometrial glands are also found outside of the uterus, most commonly on the uterine adnexa but can also develop at distant sites outside of the pelvis. [3]
Endometriosis is a condition that causes severe symptoms in up to 11% of women of reproductive age. It occurs when cells similar to endometrial tissue that lines the uterus grow elsewhere in the body.
Endometrial cancer is sometimes called "uterine cancer", although it is distinct from other forms of cancer of the uterus such as cervical cancer, uterine sarcoma, and trophoblastic disease. [9] The most frequent type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid carcinoma , which accounts for more than 80% of cases. [ 3 ]