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  2. Hanks' salts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanks'_salts

    Hanks' salts is a collective group of salts rich in bicarbonate ions, formulated in 1940 by the microbiologist John H. Hanks. [1] Typically, they are used as a buffer system in cell culture media and aid in maintaining the optimum physiological pH (roughly 7.0–7.4) for cellular growth.

  3. Drinking water quality standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water_quality...

    Drinking water standards include lists of parametric values, and also specify the sampling location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation . In addition, a number of standards documents also require calculation to determine whether a level exceeds the standard, such as taking an average.

  4. Calorie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie

    The amount of energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 3.5 to 4.5 °C at standard atmospheric pressure. [b] 15 °C calorie: cal 15: ≈ 4.1855 J ≈ 0.003 9671 BTU ≈ 1.1626 × 10 −6 kW⋅h ≈ 2.6124 × 10 19 eV The amount of energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 14.5 to 15.5 °C at standard atmospheric ...

  5. Cross-flow filtration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-flow_filtration

    The volume of the fluid is reduced by allowing permeate flow to occur. Solvent, solutes, and particles smaller than the membrane pore size pass through the membrane, while particles larger than the pore size are retained, and thereby concentrated.

  6. Bottled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water

    This water is at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, so it flows naturally from the surface or pipe. Fluoridated – this type of water contains added fluoride. This category includes water classified as "For Infants" or "Nursery." Groundwater – this type of water is from an underground source such as a well. This can include ...

  7. Origin of water on Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth

    While the majority of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, those oceans make up just a small fraction of the mass of the planet. The mass of Earth's oceans is estimated to be 1.37 × 10 21 kg, which is 0.023% of the total mass of Earth, 6.0 × 10 24 kg.

  8. Gas/oil ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas/oil_ratio

    Definition of formation volume factor Bo and gas/oil ratio Rs for oil. When oil is produced to surface temperature and pressure it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas ("scf") that comes out of solution to the volume of oil — at standard conditions.

  9. Beryllium sulfide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium_sulfide

    Beryllium sulfide powders can be prepared by the reaction of sulfur and beryllium in a hydrogen atmosphere by heating the mixture for 10-20 minutes at temperatures from 1000-1300 °C.