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Pelvic inflammatory disease, also known as pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID), is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. [5] [2] Often, there may be no symptoms. [1]
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. [5] It is complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as Bacteroides, Gardnerella, E. coli and Streptococcus have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. [6]
Parametritis (also known as pelvic cellulitis [citation needed]) is an infection of the parametrium (connective tissue adjacent to the uterus). It is considered a form of pelvic inflammatory disease. [1] This is an image of pelvic inflammation in women commonly seen with PID. Gram-stain of gonococcal urethritis.
Approximately one in fourteen untreated Chlamydia infections will result in salpingitis. [5]Over one million cases of acute salpingitis are reported every year in the US, but the number of incidents is probably larger, due to incomplete and untimely reporting methods and that many cases are reported first when the illness has gone so far that it has developed chronic complications.
This also includes a device inserted into the pelvic area (i.e. a cervical cap, IUD, pessary, etc.); an allergy to spermicides or latex in condoms; or, exposure to a chemical, for example while douching. [3] [4] Inflammation can also be idiopathic, where no specific cause is found. [4]
Pelvic inflammatory disease—pain caused by damage from infections. [13] Adenomyosis. Adenomyosis is a medical condition characterized by the growth of cells that build up the inside of the uterus (endometrium) atypically located within the cells that put up the uterine wall , as a result, thickening of the uterus occurs.
As pelvic inflammatory disease is the major cause of hydrosalpinx formation, steps to reduce sexually transmitted infection will reduce incidence of hydrosalpinx. Also, as hydrosalpinx is a sequel to a pelvic infection, adequate and early antibiotic treatment of a pelvic infection is called for.
Mycoplasma hominis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease [3] [4] and bacterial vaginosis. [5] It is also associated with male infertility. [6] This species causes a sexually transmitted infection. [7] It is susceptible to the antibiotic clindamycin. [8]