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He was the son of Jehoshaphat, [1] grandson of Nimshi, and possibly great-grandson of Omri, [2] although the latter notion is not supported by the biblical text. His reign lasted 28 years. William F. Albright has dated Jehu's reign to 842–815 BCE, while E. R. Thiele offers the dates 841–814 BCE. [3]
Jehu, bows before Shalmaneser III. [3] This is "the only portrayal we have in ancient Near Eastern art of an Israelite or Judaean monarch". [4] Ia-ú-a mar Hu-um-ri-i (Akkadian: 𒅀𒌑𒀀 𒈥 𒄷𒌝𒊑𒄿): "Jehu, son of Omri". The second register from the top is thought to include the earliest surviving picture of a biblical figure.
One modern interpretation of the Assyrian inscriptions is that Jehu was a descendant of a cadet branch of the House of Omri, which would explain his high-ranking position in the army of Israel. [4] The second of the Books of Kings identifies Jehu as a son of Jehoshaphat and a grandson of Nimshi. His great-grandfather is not mentioned in the text.
Contains what is thought to be the earliest known picture of a biblical figure: possibly Jehu son Omri (m Ia-ú-a mar m Hu-um-ri-i), or Jehu's ambassador, kneeling at the feet of Shalmaneser III. COS 2.113F / ANET 278–281 Saba'a Stele: Istanbul Archaeology Museums: 1905, Saba'a: c.800 BC: Assyrian cuneiform
It describes how Jehu brought or sent his tribute in or around 841 BC. [12] [10] The caption above the scene, written in Assyrian cuneiform, can be translated: "The tribute of Jehu, son of Omri: I received from him silver, gold, a golden bowl, a golden vase with pointed bottom, golden tumblers, golden buckets, tin, a staff for a king [and] spears."
The name "Omri" itself is puzzling to scholars. Its etymology is uncertain, and theories have proposed an origin in several Semitic languages. [4] In the Hebrew Bible, the name "Omri" appears three times outside of references to the king, first to denote a son of Becher, the second of Benjamin's ten sons, [7] second to denote a descendant of Perez, son of Judah, [8] and finally to denote a ...
Nevertheless, the reference to "son of Omri" in the Black Obelisk in the expression "Jehu son of Omri" may be a reference to the "House of Omri", which is believed to be the Assyrian name for the Kingdom of Israel. Assyrian kings frequently referred to Omri's successors as belonging to the "House of Omri" (Bit Hu-um-ri-a). [20]
Based on his conclusions, Thiele showed that the 14 years between Ahab and Jehu were really 12 years. This enabled him to date their reigns precisely, for Ahab is mentioned in the Kurk Stele which records the Assyrian advance into Syria/Israel at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC, and Jehu is mentioned on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III paying tribute in 841 BC.