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The Liangzhu (/ ˈ l j ɑː ŋ ˈ dʒ uː /) culture or civilization (3300–2300 BC) was the last Chinese Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta.The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals.
Royal Jade cong (Chinese: 玉琮王; pinyin: yù cóng wáng) is a jade cong found in the tomb at Fanshan cemetery, archaeological site of the Liangzhu culture. Royal jade cong was found next to the head of the male buried in Tomb 12 at Fanshan cemetery (today Yuhang, Zhejiang), "the richest of all Liangzhu cemeteries in terms of the quantity ...
In 1986, more than 3,000 jade pieces were excavated at the Fanshan site in Liangzhu. In 1987, rumours of jade at the nearby Yaoshan graveyard drew thousands of farmers who began looting the tombs until police and archaeologists intervened. Since then, Liangzhu jade artefacts have made their way into the global antique market. [11]
The earliest cong were produced by the Xuejiagang culture and the Liangzhu culture (3400–2250 BC); later examples date mainly from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. [2] Interest in the jade shape developed during the 12th–13th century Song dynasty. The shape continued to be used in ceramic and metalwork for centuries. [3]
The culture was first discovered in a small township called Liangzhu, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang in 1931, and so similar discoveries found near the site are altogether called Liangzhu culture. The Liangzhu culture is also known as the Jade culture and dates from 3000 BC. [2] The Museum is built on the site where many Liangzhu treasures were ...
Ritual object (bi), Neolithic period, LiangZhu culture (3200–2000 B.C.) Jade notched disk, Neolithic period, Longshan culture (2400–1900 B.C.) Jade has been used in virtually all periods of Chinese history and generally accords with the style of decorative art characteristic of each period.
Bi disc from the Liangzhu culture (Museum Angewandte Kunst, 2006) Bi with dragon designs, from the Chu King's Mausoleum at Shizishan Hill, Xuzhou. The bi (Chinese: 璧) is a type of circular ancient Chinese jade artifact. The earliest bi were produced in the Neolithic period, particularly by the Liangzhu culture (3400–2250 BCE). [1]
The symbols are either pictorial in nature, or are simple geometric figures, [a] and have either been incised into or drawn onto artifacts—mostly pottery, but sometimes also turtle shells, animal bones or other items made of bone or jade. Sites include those identified with the Yangshao, Liangzhu, Majiayao and Longshan cultures. [1]
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