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A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions. A biogeographic realm is also known as "ecozone", although that term may also refer to ecoregions.
This page features a list of biogeographic provinces that were developed by Miklos Udvardy in 1975, [1] [2] later modified by other authors. [according to whom?] Biogeographic Province is a biotic subdivision of biogeographic realms subdivided into ecoregions, which are classified based on their biomes or habitat types and, on this page, correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany.
An Ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. [104] Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species . [ 105 ]
The terms biogeographic unit, [41] biogeographic area [42] can be used for these categories, regardless of rank. In 2008, an International Code of Area Nomenclature was proposed for biogeography. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] [ 45 ] It achieved limited success; some studies commented favorably on it, but others were much more critical, [ 46 ] and it "has not ...
The Wallace line or Wallace's line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by the English biologist T.H. Huxley. It separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and ' Wallacea ', a transitional zone between Asia and Australia formerly also called the Malay Archipelago and the Indo ...
The terrestrial scheme divides the Earth's land surface into 8 biogeographic realms, containing 867 smaller ecoregions. Each ecoregion is classified into one of 14 major habitat types, or biomes. In 2017 the WWF team revised ecosystem names and boundaries in the Arabian Peninsula, drier African regions, and Southeastern United States. [1]
A team of biologists convened by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) developed a scheme that divided the world's land area into biogeographic realms (called "ecozones" in a BBC scheme), and these into ecoregions (Olson & Dinerstein, 1998, etc.). Each ecoregion is characterized by a main biome (also called major habitat type).
The northern boundary of this zone is known as the Wallace line. Neotropical – One of Earth's eight biogeographic realms 19.0 mil. km 2 (including South America and the Caribbean) Oceanian – Terrestrial biogeographic realm 1.0 mil. km 2 (including Polynesia, Fiji and Micronesia)