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Random walks can be used to sample from a state space which is unknown or very large, for example to pick a random page off the internet. [citation needed] In computer science, this method is known as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In wireless networking, a random walk is used to model node movement. [citation needed]
Robot in a wooden maze. A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze.The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.
The illumination coming from surfaces must scatter in a particular direction that is some function of the incoming direction of the arriving illumination, and the outgoing direction being sampled. Kajiya's equation is a complete summary of these three principles, and path tracing, which approximates a solution to the equation, remains faithful ...
Some versions of coordinate descent randomly pick a different coordinate direction each iteration. Random-restart hill climbing is a meta-algorithm built on top of the hill climbing algorithm. It is also known as Shotgun hill climbing. It iteratively does hill-climbing, each time with a random initial condition .
The line-search method first finds a descent direction along which the objective function will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either ...
For instance, insects in flight tend to move about with random changes in direction, making it difficult for pursuing predators to predict their trajectories. In mathematics The mathematical theory of probability arose from attempts to formulate mathematical descriptions of chance events, originally in the context of gambling , but later in ...
In mobility management, the random waypoint model is a random model for the movement of mobile users, and how their location, velocity and acceleration change over time. [1] Mobility models are used for simulation purposes when new network protocols are evaluated. The random waypoint model was first proposed by Johnson and Maltz. [2]
The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, because this is the direction of steepest descent. Conversely, stepping in the direction of the gradient will lead to a trajectory that maximizes that function; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent.