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  2. Factorial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial

    TI SR-50A, a 1975 calculator with a factorial key (third row, center right) The factorial function is a common feature in scientific calculators. [73] It is also included in scientific programming libraries such as the Python mathematical functions module [74] and the Boost C++ library. [75]

  3. Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic

    But if exact values for large factorials are desired, then special software is required, as in the pseudocode that follows, which implements the classic algorithm to calculate 1, 1×2, 1×2×3, 1×2×3×4, etc. the successive factorial numbers. constants: Limit = 1000 % Sufficient digits.

  4. Pollard's p − 1 algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard%27s_p_%E2%88%92_1...

    The idea is to make the exponent a large multiple of p − 1 by making it a number with very many prime factors; generally, we take the product of all prime powers less than some limit B. Start with a random x , and repeatedly replace it by x w mod n {\displaystyle x^{w}{\bmod {n}}} as w runs through those prime powers.

  5. Windows Calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calculator

    A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.

  6. Modular exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_exponentiation

    Calculate c = (b ⋅ c) mod m; Output c; Note that at the end of every iteration through the loop, the equation c ≡ b e′ (mod m) holds true. The algorithm ends when the loop has been executed e times. At that point c contains the result of b e mod m. In summary, this algorithm increases e′ by one until it is equal to e.

  7. Borwein's algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borwein's_algorithm

    Start by setting [4] = = = + Then iterate + = + + = (+) + + = (+ +) + + + Then p k converges quadratically to π; that is, each iteration approximately doubles the number of correct digits.The algorithm is not self-correcting; each iteration must be performed with the desired number of correct digits for π 's final result.

  8. One-factor-at-a-time method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-factor-at-a-time_method

    The latter is far from optimal, but the former, which changes only one variable at a time, is worse. See also the factorial experimental design methods pioneered by Sir Ronald A. Fisher. Reasons for disfavoring OFAT include: OFAT requires more runs for the same precision in effect estimation; OFAT cannot estimate interactions

  9. Yates analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yates_Analysis

    Table of signs to calculate the effect estimates for a 3-level, 2-factor factorial design. Adapted from Berger et al., ch. 9. The full table of signs for a three-factor, two-level design is given to the right. Both the factors (columns) and the treatment combinations (rows) are written in Yates' order.