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Niobium is employed in the atomic energy industry for its high temperature and corrosion resistance, as well as its stability under radiation. [127] It is used in nuclear reactors for components like fuel rods and reactor cores. [128] [129]
Residual-resistivity ratio (also known as Residual-resistance ratio or just RRR) is usually defined as the ratio of the resistivity of a material at room temperature and at 0 K. Of course, 0 K can never be reached in practice so some estimation is usually made.
It has good mechanical strength, can be easily fabricated, and is resistant to corrosion in hot water. [8] Hafnium can be alloyed with other elements, e.g. with tin and oxygen to increase tensile and creep strength, with iron, chromium, and niobium for corrosion resistance, and with molybdenum for wear
Niobium can be found in aircraft gas turbines, vacuum tubes and nuclear reactors. An alloy used for liquid rocket thruster nozzles, such as in the main engine of the Apollo Lunar Modules, is C103, which consists of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium and 1% titanium. [27] Another niobium alloy was used for the nozzle of the Apollo Service Module. As ...
Ti―6Al―7Nb is one of the titanium alloys that built of hexagonal α phase (stabilised with aluminium) and regular body-centred phase β (stabilised with niobium). The alloy is characterized by added advantageous mechanical properties, it has higher corrosion resistance and biotolerance in relation to Ti-6Al-4V alloys. [2] [3] [4]
Small amounts of niobium are added to stainless steel to improve its quality. Niobium alloys are also used in rocket nozzles because of niobium's high corrosion resistance. [19] Tantalum has four main types of applications.
Niobium-1% zirconium is used in rocketry and in the nuclear industry. It is regarded as a low-strength alloy. [1] [2]C-103, which is 89% Nb, 10% Hf and 1% Ti, is used for the rocket nozzle of the Apollo service module and the Merlin vacuum [3] engines; it is regarded as a medium-strength alloy.
R n is the normal-conducting resistance of niobium in ohms. The Earth's nominal magnetic flux of 0.5 gauss (50 μT) translates to a magnetic field of 0.5 Oe (40 A/m) and would produce a residual surface resistance in a superconductor that is orders of magnitude greater than the BCS resistance, rendering the superconductor too lossy for ...