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As one example, if there is free space between the two planes, the ray transfer matrix is given by: = [], where d is the separation distance (measured along the optical axis) between the two reference planes.
Unimolecular ion decomposition is the fragmentation of a gas phase ion in a reaction with a molecularity of one. [1] Ions with sufficient internal energy may fragment in a mass spectrometer, which in some cases may degrade the mass spectrometer performance, but in other cases, such as tandem mass spectrometry, the fragmentation can reveal information about the structure of the ion.
Figure 1: Example two-port network with symbol definitions. Notice the port condition is satisfied: the same current flows into each port as leaves that port.. In electronics, a two-port network (a kind of four-terminal network or quadripole) is an electrical network (i.e. a circuit) or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits.
In control engineering and system identification, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system specified as a set of input, output, and variables related by first-order differential equations or difference equations.
This type of diagram could be called temperature-luminosity diagram, but this term is hardly ever used; when the distinction is made, this form is called the theoretical Hertzsprung–Russell diagram instead. A peculiar characteristic of this form of the H–R diagram is that the temperatures are plotted from high temperature to low temperature ...
Euler diagram of some types of simple quadrilaterals. (UK) denotes British English and (US) denotes American English. Convex quadrilaterals by symmetry, represented with a Hasse diagram. In a convex quadrilateral all interior angles are less than 180°, and the two diagonals both lie inside the quadrilateral.
Tamari lattice of order 4. In mathematics, a Tamari lattice, introduced by Dov Tamari (), is a partially ordered set in which the elements consist of different ways of grouping a sequence of objects into pairs using parentheses; for instance, for a sequence of four objects abcd, the five possible groupings are ((ab)c)d, (ab)(cd), (a(bc))d, a((bc)d), and a(b(cd)).
Any square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid, or antiparallelogram is cyclic. A kite is cyclic if and only if it has two right angles – a right kite.A bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also tangential and an ex-bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral that is also ex-tangential.