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The Uluburun Shipwreck is a Late Bronze Age shipwreck dated to the late 14th century BC, [1] discovered close to the east shore of Uluburun (Grand Cape), Turkey, in the Mediterranean Sea. [2] The shipwreck was discovered in the summer of 1982 by Mehmed Çakir, a local sponge diver from Yalıkavak , a village near Bodrum .
The ship contained 317 copper ingots in the normal oxhide shape, 36 with only two corner protrusions, 121 shaped like buns, and five shaped like pillows. [ 9 ] : 276 [ 1 ] : 141 [ 10 ] : 2 The oxhide ingots (ingots with two or four protrusions) range in weight from 20.1 to 29.5 kilograms (44 to 65 lb) after being cleaned of their corrosion.
Archaeological evidence for this trade comes from the Uluburun shipwreck, dated to the late 14th century BC. Part of its cargo consisted of the earliest known intact glass ingots: about 175 ingots of cylindrical shape, in blue shades from lavender to turquoise, as well as uncolored ones. [7]
Canaanite shipwreck – c. 1300 BC 90 kilometres (56 mi) off the north coast of Israel, in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). [2] The Uluburun shipwreck – 1300 BC. The Cape Gelidonya shipwreck – 1200 BC. The Zambratija shipwreck – 1200 - 1000 BC. 7th century BC. Gozo Phoenician shipwreck off the coast of Malta. [3]
Evidence of tin trade in the Mediterranean can be seen in a number of Bronze Age shipwrecks containing tin ingots such as the Uluburun off the coast of Turkey dated 1300 BC which carried over 300 copper bars weighing 10 tons, and approximately 40 tin bars weighing 1 ton. [44]
Batavia shipwreck – Dutch East Indies ship, lost in 1629 off Western Australia; Hunley – the first submarine to sink an enemy ship, lost off Charleston, South Carolina, in 1864; Half Moon (shipwreck) – A racing sailboat which sank in 1930 near Miami, Florida, United States - and one of the sites in the Florida Maritime Heritage Trail
Stowage of cargo may also indicate consideration of threat. Pre-impact warning phase, in which humans may take drastic action to avoid catastrophe, for example, running a vessel ashore, jettisoning cargo or running out anchors. Impact, in which the decision is made to abandon ship or remain aboard, and, for example, attempt to refloat.
Compared with methods of land survey and excavations, archaeological diving has distinct advantages and disadvantages. The equipment, such as air compressors, exposure suits, compressed air cylinders, masks and fins, together with the training required for proper scientific diving is considerably more expansive than the training and equipment usually used during land excavations, contributing ...