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  2. Closed system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system

    In thermodynamics, a closed system is important for solving complicated thermodynamic problems. It allows the elimination of some external factors that could alter the results of the experiment or problem thus simplifying it. A closed system can also be used in situations where thermodynamic equilibrium is required to simplify the situation.

  3. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    Properties of isolated, closed, and open thermodynamic systems in exchanging energy and matter. A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic systems can be passive and active according to internal processes.

  4. Closed system (control theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system_(control_theory)

    The terms closed system and open system have long been defined in the widely (and long before any sort of amplifier was invented) established subject of thermodynamics, in terms that have nothing to do with the concepts of feedback and feedforward. The terms 'feedforward' and 'feedback' arose first in the 1920s in the theory of amplifier design ...

  5. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    The first law of thermodynamics provides the definition of the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, and expresses its change for a closed system in terms of work and heat. [9] It can be linked to the law of conservation of energy. [10]

  6. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    For example, when a machine (not a part of the system) lifts a system upwards, some energy is transferred from the machine to the system. The system's energy increases as work is done on the system and in this particular case, the energy increase of the system is manifested as an increase in the system's gravitational potential energy. Work ...

  7. Adiabatic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process

    For a closed system, one may write the first law of thermodynamics as ΔU = Q − W, where ΔU denotes the change of the system's internal energy, Q the quantity of energy added to it as heat, and W the work done by the system on its surroundings.

  8. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    A diagram of a generic thermodynamic system. An important concept in thermodynamics is the thermodynamic system, which is a precisely defined region of the universe under study. Everything in the universe except the system is called the surroundings.

  9. Isolated system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system

    Properties of Isolated, closed, and open systems in exchanging energy and matter. In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. a thermodynamic system enclosed by rigid immovable walls through which neither mass nor energy can pass.