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In tonal music, chord progressions have the function of either establishing or otherwise contradicting a tonality, the technical name for what is commonly understood as the "key" of a song or piece. Chord progressions, such as the extremely common chord progression I-V-vi-IV, are usually expressed by Roman numerals in
IV-V-I-VI chord progression in C major: 4: Major I–V–vi–IV: I–V–vi–IV chord progression in C: 4: Major I–IV– ♭ VII–IV: I–IV– ♭ VII–IV. 3: Mix. ii–V–I progression: ii–V–I: 3: Major ii–V–I with tritone substitution (♭ II7 instead of V7) ii– ♭ II –I: 3: Major ii-V-I with ♭ III + as dominant ...
Chords with more than three notes include added tone chords, extended chords and tone clusters, which are used in contemporary classical music, jazz and almost any other genre. A series of chords is called a chord progression. [1] One example of a widely used chord progression in Western traditional music and blues is the 12 bar blues progression.
The instrumentalist improvising a solo may use scales that work well with certain chords or chord progressions, according to the chord-scale system. For example, in rock and blues soloing, the pentatonic scale built on the root note is widely used to solo over straightforward chord progressions that use I, IV, and V chords (in the key of C ...
The progression is also used entirely with minor chords[i-v-vii-iv (g#, d#, f#, c#)] in the middle section of Chopin's etude op. 10 no. 12. However, using the same chord type (major or minor) on all four chords causes it to feel more like a sequence of descending fourths than a bona fide chord progression.
Roman numerals can be used to notate and analyze the harmonic progression of a composition independent of its specific key. For example, the ubiquitous twelve-bar blues progression uses the tonic (I), subdominant (IV), and dominant (V) chords built upon the first, fourth and fifth scale degrees respectively.
Dominant 7th chords are generally used throughout a blues progression. The addition of dominant 7th chords as well as the inclusion of other types of 7th chords (i.e. minor and diminished 7ths) are often used just before a change, and more changes can be added. A more complicated example might look like this, where "7" indicates a seventh chord:
In a jazz band, these chord changes are usually played in the key of B ♭ [7] with various chord substitutions.Here is a typical form for the A section with various common substitutions, including bVII 7 in place of the minor iv chord; the addition of a ii–V progression (Fm 7 –B ♭ 7) that briefly tonicizes the IV chord, E ♭; using iii in place of I in bar 7 (the end of the first A ...