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A job scheduler is a computer application for controlling unattended background program execution of jobs. [1] This is commonly called batch scheduling, as execution of non-interactive jobs is often called batch processing, though traditional job and batch are distinguished and contrasted; see that page for details.
A batch window is "a period of less-intensive online activity", [11] when the computer system is able to run batch jobs without interference from, or with, interactive online systems. A bank's end-of-day (EOD) jobs require the concept of cutover , where transaction and data are cut off for a particular day's batch activity ("deposits after 3 PM ...
The scheduler is an operating system module that selects the next jobs to be admitted into the system and the next process to run. Operating systems may feature up to three distinct scheduler types: a long-term scheduler (also known as an admission scheduler or high-level scheduler), a mid-term or medium-term scheduler, and a short-term ...
However, a system may have the ability to interleave real-time and other, less time-critical tasks, where the dividing line might for example be response required within one tenth of a second. [ 5 ] : p.1 In the case of the Xerox RBM (Real-time/Batch Monitor) systems, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] for example, two other capabilities existed: [ 5 ] : p.2
A sample thread pool (green boxes) with task queues of waiting tasks (blue) and completed tasks (yellow), in the sense of task as "unit of work". In computing, a task is a unit of execution or a unit of work. The term is ambiguous; precise alternative terms include process, light-weight process, thread (for execution), step, request, or query ...
A simple example of a job stream is a system to print payroll checks which might consist of the following steps, performed on a batch of inputs: Read a file of data containing employee id numbers and hours worked for the current pay period (batch of input data).
Schedule each job in this sequence into a machine in which the current load (= total processing-time of scheduled jobs) is smallest. Step 2 of the algorithm is essentially the list-scheduling (LS) algorithm. The difference is that LS loops over the jobs in an arbitrary order, while LPT pre-orders them by descending processing time.
In system software, a job queue (a.k.a. batch queue, input queue), is a data structure maintained by job scheduler software containing jobs to run. [1] Users submit their programs that they want executed, "jobs", to the queue for batch processing. The scheduler software maintains the queue as the pool of jobs available for it to run.