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  2. Integer overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow

    Integer overflow can be demonstrated through an odometer overflowing, a mechanical version of the phenomenon. All digits are set to the maximum 9 and the next increment of the white digit causes a cascade of carry-over additions setting all digits to 0, but there is no higher digit (1,000,000s digit) to change to a 1, so the counter resets to zero.

  3. Carry flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_flag

    For x86 ALU size of 8 bits, an 8-bit two's complement interpretation, the addition operation 11111111 + 11111111 results in 111111110, Carry_Flag set, Sign_Flag set, and Overflow_Flag clear. If 11111111 represents two's complement signed integer −1 ( ADD al,-1 ), then the interpretation of the result is -2 because Overflow_Flag is clear, and ...

  4. Overflow flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_flag

    Overflow cannot occur when the sign of two addition operands are different (or the sign of two subtraction operands are the same). [1] When binary values are interpreted as unsigned numbers, the overflow flag is meaningless and normally ignored. One of the advantages of two's complement arithmetic is that the addition and subtraction operations ...

  5. Code sanitizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_sanitizer

    A code sanitizer is a programming tool that detects bugs in the form of undefined or suspicious behavior by a compiler inserting instrumentation code at runtime. The class of tools was first introduced by Google's AddressSanitizer (or ASan) of 2012, which uses directly mapped shadow memory to detect memory corruption such as buffer overflows or accesses to a dangling pointer (use-after-free).

  6. Buffer overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow

    Visualization of a software buffer overflow. Data is written into A, but is too large to fit within A, so it overflows into B.. In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.

  7. Zero flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_flag

    The zero flag is a single bit flag that is a central feature on most conventional CPU architectures (including x86, ARM, PDP-11, 68000, 6502, and numerous others).It is often stored in a dedicated register, typically called status register or flag register, along with other flags.

  8. Bit field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_field

    Bit fields can be used to reduce memory consumption when a program requires a number of integer variables which always will have low values. For example, in many systems, storing an integer value requires two bytes (16-bits) of memory; sometimes the values to be stored actually need only one or two bits.

  9. Time formatting and storage bugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_formatting_and...

    The "DATE-75" patch pushed the last encodable date to 1 February 2052, making the overflow date 2 February 2052, by using 3 spare bits from other fields in the file system's metadata, but this sometimes caused problems with software that used those bits for its own purposes. Some software may have supported using one additional bit for the date ...