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Mission control center's board with time data, displaying coordinated universal time with ordinal date (without year) prepended, on October 22, 2013 (i.e.2013-295). An ordinal date is a calendar date typically consisting of a year and an ordinal number, ranging between 1 and 366 (starting on January 1), representing the multiples of a day, called day of the year or ordinal day number (also ...
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Ordinal measurements have imprecise differences between consecutive values, but have a meaningful order to those values, and permit any order-preserving transformation. Interval measurements have meaningful distances between measurements defined, but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in ...
Mosaic plots can be used to show the relationship between an ordinal variable and a nominal or ordinal variable. [13] A bump chart—a line chart that shows the relative ranking of items from one time point to the next—is also appropriate for ordinal data. [14] Color or grayscale gradation can be used to represent the ordered nature of the ...
These axes provide scales (quantitative and categorical) used to label and assign values to the visual objects. Many graphs are also referred to as charts. [54] Eppler and Lengler have developed the "Periodic Table of Visualization Methods," an interactive chart displaying various data visualization methods.
Ordinal variables have a meaningful ordering, while nominal variables have no meaningful ordering. A categorical variable that can take on exactly two values is termed a binary variable or a dichotomous variable; an important special case is the Bernoulli variable.
The relation between ordinal variables, or between ordinal and categorical variables, may also be represented in contingency tables, although such a practice is rare. For more on the use of a contingency table for the relation between two ordinal variables, see Goodman and Kruskal's gamma.
The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements, as well as interval and ratio measurements.