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The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία 'angle' and μέτρον 'measure'. [1] The protractor is a commonly used type in the fields of mechanics, engineering, and geometry. The first known description of a goniometer, based on the astrolabe , was by Gemma Frisius in 1538.
A Goniophotometer is a device used for measurement of the light emitted from an object at different angles. [1] The use of goniophotometers has been increasing in recent years with the introduction of LED -light sources, which are mostly directed light sources, where the spatial distribution of light is not homogeneous. [ 2 ]
Analog and traditional devices to measure range of motion in the joints of the body include the goniometer and inclinometer which use a stationary arm, protractor, fulcrum, and movement arm to measure angle from axis of the joint. As measurement results will vary by the degree of resistance, two levels of range of motion results are recorded in ...
Goniophotometry or goniometric optical scatter measurement is the technique of measuring the angular distribution of light, possibly wavelength-dependent, scattered from a surface. Goniophotometry is used to measure intensity distributions from lamps and luminaries and to evaluate the gloss of paints and other surface finishes.
The 'gonio' part of the word refers to the device's ability to measure at different angles. Several similar devices have been built and used to capture data for similar functions. Most of these devices use a camera instead of the light intensity-measuring sensor to capture a two-dimensional sample of the target.
A positioning goniometer or goniometric stage is a device used to rotate an object precisely (within a small angular range) about a fixed axis in space. Its appearance is similar to that of a linear stage .
The simplest way of measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop is with a contact angle goniometer, which allows the user to measure the contact angle visually. A droplet is deposited by a syringe which is positioned above the sample surface, and a high resolution camera captures the image from the profile or side view.
In surface science, a tensiometer is a measuring instrument used to measure the surface tension (γ) of liquids or surfaces. Tensiometers are used in research and development laboratories to determine the surface tension of liquids like coatings, lacquers or adhesives.