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It is motile at temperatures of 22–29°C (72–84°F), but becomes nonmotile at normal human body temperature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Y. enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis , which is an animal-borne disease occurring in humans, as well as in a wide array of animals such as cattle, deer, pigs, and birds.
Rarely, it has been transmitted by direct contact between contaminated water and surgical wounds. [1] The bacteria grow best at warm temperatures [4] and thrive at water temperatures between 25 and 45 °C (77 and 113 °F), with an optimum temperature of 35 °C (95 °F). [23] Temperatures above 60 °C (140 °F) kill the bacteria. [24]
The term waterborne disease is reserved largely for infections that predominantly are transmitted through contact with or consumption of microbially polluted water.Many infections may be transmitted by microbes or parasites that accidentally, possibly as a result of exceptional circumstances, have entered the water.
Certain bacterial infections can be serious and in some cases, life-threatening, say experts.
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium called Burkholderia pseudomallei. [1] Most people exposed to B. pseudomallei experience no symptoms; however, those who do experience symptoms have signs and symptoms that range from mild, such as fever and skin changes, to severe with pneumonia, abscesses, and septic shock that could cause death. [1]
Coliform bacteria are defined as either motile or non-motile Gram-negative non-spore forming bacilli that possess β-galactosidase to produce acids and gases under their optimal growth temperature of 35–37 °C. [1] They can be aerobes or facultative aerobes, and are a commonly used indicator of low sanitary quality of foods, milk, and water. [2]
Common symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning include: a rapid onset which is usually 1–6 hours, nausea, explosive vomiting for up to 24 hours, abdominal cramps/pain, headache, weakness, diarrhea and usually a subnormal body temperature. Symptoms usually start one to six hours after eating and last less than 12 hours.
Campylobacteriosis is among the most common infections caused by a bacterium in humans, often as a foodborne illness. It is caused by the Campylobacter bacterium , [ 2 ] most commonly C. jejuni . It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea or dysentery syndrome, and usually cramps, fever and pain.