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A character set is a collection of elements used to represent text. [9] [10] For example, the Latin alphabet and Greek alphabet are both character sets. A coded character set is a character set mapped to a set of unique numbers. [10] For historical reasons, this is also often referred to as a code page. [9]
The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented typing systems are added.
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the ...
The Unicode Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 jointly collaborate on the list of the characters in the Universal Coded Character Set.The Universal Coded Character Set, most commonly called the Universal Character Set (abbr. UCS, official designation: ISO/IEC 10646), is an international standard to map characters, discrete symbols used in natural language, mathematics, music, and other ...
Punycode, another encoding form, enables the encoding of Unicode strings into the limited character set supported by the ASCII-based Domain Name System (DNS). The encoding is used as part of IDNA , which is a system enabling the use of Internationalized Domain Names in all scripts that are supported by Unicode.
The category of character sets includes articles on specific character encodings (see the article for a precise definition). It includes those used in computer science (coded character sets (also known as character sets (this term should not be used anymore [according to whom?]) or code pages), character encoding forms, character encoding schemes) and those that use non-numeric, pre-digital ...
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) set out to compose a universal multi-byte character set in 1989. The draft ISO 10646 standard contained a non-required annex called UTF-1 that provided a byte stream encoding of its 32-bit code points.
An "encoding sniffing algorithm" is defined in the specification to determine the character encoding of the document based on multiple sources of input, including: Explicit user instruction; An explicit meta tag within the first 1024 bytes of the document; A byte order mark (BOM) within the first three bytes of the document