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Butyric acid (/ ˈ b j uː t ɪ r ɪ k /; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an ...
Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid) is the other source of body odor as a result of actions of the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, [12] which is also present in several types of strong cheese. Factors such as food, drink, gut microbiome, [13] and genetics can affect body odor. [5]
Body odor encompasses axillary (underarm) odor and foot odor. [1] It is caused by a combination of sweat gland secretions and normal skin microflora. [1] In addition, androstane steroids and the ABCC11 transporter are essential for most axillary odor. [1] [2] Body odor is a complex phenomenon, with numerous compounds and catalysts involved in ...
It was previously assumed that 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH) deficiency in the valine catabolic pathway was the underlying enzyme defect, but new evidence suggests that individuals with 3-hydroxyisobutyryic aciduria represent a heterogeneous group that has various underlying mechanisms, such as respiratory chain defects or methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
n-Butyl lactate reacts with strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.It is also flammable. Exposure to dangerous amounts can occur through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact and causes irritation of the affected area, drowsiness, headache, central nervous system depression, nausea, and vomiting. [1]
This can reduce glucose availability and lead to hypoglycemia and increased reliance on fatty acid and ketone metabolism. [1] [5] An additional stressor such as vomiting or dehydration can cause an increase in counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone which may further increase free fatty acid release and ketone ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 December 2024. Type of body odor that affects the feet of humans This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Foot odor" – news · newspapers ...
Sodium butyrate is a compound with formula Na(C 3 H 7 COO). It is the sodium salt of butyric acid.It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. [1]