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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force F proportional to the displacement x: =, where k is a positive constant. If F is the only force acting on the system, the system is called a simple harmonic oscillator, and it undergoes simple harmonic ...
Consider a linear non-homogeneous ordinary differential equation of the form = + (+) = where () denotes the i-th derivative of , and denotes a function of .. The method of undetermined coefficients provides a straightforward method of obtaining the solution to this ODE when two criteria are met: [2]
1-dimensional corollaries for two sinusoidal waves The following may be deduced by applying the principle of superposition to two sinusoidal waves, using trigonometric identities. The angle addition and sum-to-product trigonometric formulae are useful; in more advanced work complex numbers and fourier series and transforms are used.
Bessel functions describe the radial part of vibrations of a circular membrane.. Bessel functions, named after Friedrich Bessel who was the first to systematically study them in 1824, [1] are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel's differential equation + + = for an arbitrary complex number, which represents the order of the Bessel function.
Classic model used for deriving the equations of a mass spring damper model. The mass-spring-damper model consists of discrete mass nodes distributed throughout an object and interconnected via a network of springs and dampers.
This is done so that f(x) can be computed in polynomial time, given the coin-toss sequence from the mapping, x, and f(y 1), ..., f(y k). Therefore, taking the average with respect to the induced distribution on y i , the average-case complexity of f is the same (within polynomial factors) as the worst-case randomized complexity of f .
For example, a spin-1/2 particle would have =, one for each spin state. We can think of each possible state of a particle as a point on a 3-dimensional grid of positive integers. The Thomas–Fermi approximation assumes that the quantum numbers are so large that they may be considered to be a continuum.