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Influenza A virus structure. The influenzavirus virion is pleomorphic; the viral envelope can occur in spherical and filamentous forms. In general, the virus's morphology is ellipsoidal with particles 100–120 nm in diameter, or filamentous with particles 80–100 nm in diameter and up to 20 μm long. [5]
To unambiguously describe a specific isolate of virus, researchers use the Influenza virus nomenclature, [27] which describes, among other things, the subtype, year, and place of collection. Some examples include: [28] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [28] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus.
Influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-circulate, so have the same patterns of transmission. [1] The seasonality of influenza C virus, however, is poorly understood. Influenza C virus infection is most common in children under the age of two, and by adulthood most people have been exposed to it.
To unambiguously describe a specific isolate of virus, researchers use the Influenza virus nomenclature, [21] which describes, among other things, the subtype, year, and place of collection. Some examples include: [22] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [22] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus.
The MS2 bacteriophage was the first virus genome to be sequenced in 1976. Its capsid has an icosahedral structure made up from 180 copies of the coat protein. Credit: Neil Ranson (7 June 2011) Portal:Viruses/Selected picture/4
There are four different types of influenza virus: A, B, C, and D. Influenza C usually causes only mild illness while D mostly affects animals, especially cattle.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [ 1 ]
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the seasonal influenza virus (or the flu) hospitalizes approximately 200,000 people and kills over 36,000 people annually in the U.S. alone.