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PDFtk (short for PDF Toolkit) is a toolkit for manipulating Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It runs on Linux , Windows and macOS . [ 5 ] It comes in three versions: PDFtk Server ( open-source command-line tool ), PDFtk Free ( freeware ) and PDFtk Pro ( proprietary paid ). [ 2 ]
Image warping example. Image warping is the process of digitally manipulating an image such that any shapes portrayed in the image have been significantly distorted. Warping may be used for correcting image distortion as well as for creative purposes (e.g., morphing [1]).
Photo manipulation dates back to some of the earliest photographs captured on glass and tin plates during the 19th century. The practice began not long after the creation of the first photograph (1825) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce who developed heliography and made the first photographic print from a photoengraved printing plate.
Many of his famous prints were manipulated in the darkroom with these two techniques. Adams wrote a comprehensive book on producing prints called The Print, which features dodging and burning prominently, in the context of his Zone System. [4] They can also be used in less subtle ways, as in the stenciled lettering shown at the top of this article.
The ability to create and fabricate realistic imagery digitally—as opposed to untouched photos—changes the audience's perception of "truth" in digital photography. [41] Digital manipulation enables pictures to adjust the perception of reality, both past and present, and thereby shape people's identities, beliefs, and opinions.
In July 2009, The New York Times Magazine published a photo essay by photographer Edgar Martins titled "Ruins of the Second Gilded Age". Martins claimed that the photos in the essay were not digitally manipulated, and had previously stated that he eschewed any post-production in his work.
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