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Airborne pathogens or allergens typically enter the body via the nose, throat, sinuses and lungs. Inhalation of these pathogens affects the respiratory system and can then spread to the rest of the body. Sinus congestion, coughing and sore throats are examples of inflammation of the upper respiratory airway.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. [a] Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. [8] Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. [8]
It can also spread to the rest of the body; this is termed disseminated aspergillosis and is rare, usually affecting individuals with underlying immune disorders. [citation needed] In 2019, an outbreak of aspergillosis struck the rare kākāpō, a large flightless parrot endemic to New Zealand. By June the disease had killed seven of the birds ...
Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. [1] Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis . [ 1 ] Around 10% of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, kill about half of those affected. [ 1 ]
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
It is estimated that DVT affects one in 5,000 travellers on long flights. [9] [10] Risk increases with exposure to more flights within a short time frame and with increasing duration of flights. [10] According to a health expert in Canada, even though the risk of a blood clot is low, given the number of people who fly, it is a public health ...
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Chlamydia pneumoniae [1] is a species of Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium [2] that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia.It was known as the Taiwan acute respiratory agent (TWAR) from the names of the two original isolates – Taiwan (TW-183) and an acute respiratory isolate designated AR-39. [3]