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Phlebotomus papatasi is a species of insects commonly known as sandflies. Due to their ectothermic climate limitations, P. papatasi are confined to regions with temperatures above 15 degrees Celsius for at least three months of the year, [1] spanning over much of the European Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. [2]
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by Phlebotomus, in North Africa; Leishmania infantum = green, Leishmania major = blue, Leishmania tropica = red [2]. In the Old World, Phlebotomus sand flies are primarily responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis, [2] an important parasitic disease, while transmission in the New World, is generally via sand flies of the genus Lutzomyia. [3]
Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States , sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae ), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae .
Lutzomyia is a genus of phlebotomine sand flies consisting of nearly 400 species, [1] at least 33 of which have medical importance as vectors of human disease. [2] Species of the genus Lutzomyia are found only in the New World, distributed in southern areas of the Nearctic and throughout the Neotropical realm. [2]
The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly; it is the union of the words pappa (usually this is used as a generic name for food, but in this case it is a verb meaning "eating") and taci (silent), distinguishing these insects from blood-feeding mosquitoes, which produce a typical noise while flying.
The direct bite of an infected sandfly during blood feeding allows for the parasitic transmission of Visceral leishmaniasis from L. longipalpis to the vertebrate host. The sandfly saliva contains potent physiological compounds that cause anticoagulant , vasodilating , and anti-inflammatory activity, which influences the immune response of the ...
Sandfly control: For dogs at risk of Leishmania, keeping them indoors during peak sandfly activity (dusk and dawn), using insecticide-treated bed nets, and reducing sandfly breeding sites (e.g., removing decaying organic matter) are effective strategies (Eisen et al.,2021).
Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology (also known as AP Psych) and its corresponding exam are part of the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. This course is tailored for students interested in the field of psychology and as an opportunity to earn Advanced Placement credit or exemption from a college -level psychology course.