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The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons , quarks , gauge bosons and the Higgs boson .
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The Standard Model is widely considered to be a provisional theory rather than a truly fundamental one, however, since it is not known if it is compatible with Einstein's general relativity. There may be hypothetical elementary particles not described by the Standard Model, such as the graviton , the particle that would carry the gravitational ...
The Standard Model of particle physics was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.Subsequent discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2013), gave the model further credence.
Suppose a physics model requires four parameters to produce a very high-quality working model capable of generating predictions regarding some aspect of our physical universe. Suppose we find through experiments that the parameters have values: 1.2, 1.31, 0.9 and a value near 4 × 10 29. One might wonder how such figures arise.
The weak mixing angle or Weinberg angle [2] is a parameter in the Weinberg–Salam theory of the electroweak interaction, part of the Standard Model of particle physics, and is usually denoted as θ W. It is the angle by which spontaneous symmetry breaking rotates the original W 0 and B 0 vector boson plane, producing as a result the Z 0
The Standard Model is the most comprehensive existing model of particle behavior. All Standard Model particles including the Higgs boson have been verified, and all other observed particles are combinations of two or more Standard Model particles. Antiparticles which were historically important to the development of particle physics ...