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The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella
Joint space narrowing is defined by this system as a joint space less than 3 mm, or less than half of the space in the other compartment, or less than half of the space of the homologous compartment of the other knee. II: Obliteration of the joint space III: Bone defect/loss < 5 mm IV: Bone defect/loss between 5 and 10 mm V
Fairbank's changes describe the radiological changes observed on an AP radiograph of the knee after meniscectomy. [1] Fairbank identified significant changes including squaring of the femoral condyles, peak eminences, ridging, and joint space narrowing. [2] [3]
However, from a practical point of view, false positives that lead to negative X-ray tests were the very thing that the knee rules are trying to address. Nonetheless, the Pittsburgh knee rules offer fewer false positives than do the Ottawa knee rules , though the Ottawa knee rules are more commonly used. [ 2 ]
[5] Luxating patella cannot be present without the knee being loose, but a loose knee is not necessarily slipping out of the joint. Even with luxating patella, symptoms such as intermittent limping in the rear leg might be mild or absent. Physical examination and manual manipulation are the preferred methods for diagnosis.
Patella fracture, arthritis [3] Usual onset: 10 to 17 years old [4] Duration: Recovery within 6 weeks [5] Causes: Bending the lower leg outwards when the knee is straight, direct blow to the patella when the knee is bent [1] [2] Risk factors: High riding patella, family history, loose ligaments [1] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms, X-rays ...
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The most common knee problems are: soft tissue inflammation, injury, or osteoarthritis. The mechanism of the knee injury can give a clue of the possible structures that can be injured. For example, applying valgus stress on the knee can cause medial collateral ligament rupture, meanwhile a varus force can cause lateral collateral ligament rupture