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Most file systems include attributes of files and directories that control the ability of users to read, change, navigate, and execute the contents of the file system. In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of user interface is referred to as permission-driven.
File-system permissions; chattr, the command used to change the attributes of a file or directory on Linux systems; chown, the command used to change the owner of a file or directory on Unix-like systems; chgrp, the command used to change the group of a file or directory on Unix-like systems
Generally, the mask only affects file permissions during the creation of new files and has no effect when file permissions are changed in existing files; however, the chmod command will check the mask when the mode options are specified using symbolic mode and a reference to a class of users is not specified. The mask is stored as a group of bits.
A filesystem ACL is a data structure (usually a table) containing entries that specify individual user or group rights to specific system objects such as programs, processes, or files. These entries are known as access-control entries (ACEs) in the Microsoft Windows NT, [4] OpenVMS, and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, macOS, and ...
A core security feature in these systems is the file system permissions. All files in a typical Unix filesystem have permissions set enabling different access to a file. Unix permissions permit different users access to a file with different privilege (e.g., reading, writing, execution).
The file owner is 'root' and the SUID permission is set (the '4') - so the file is executed as 'root'. The reason an executable would be run as 'root' is so that it can modify specific files that the user would not normally be allowed to, without giving the user full root access. A default use of this can be seen with the /usr/bin/passwd binary ...
the process has write permission for the file; the process has the P_OWNER privilege; If a 0410 a.out executable file has the sticky bit (mode bit 01000) set, the operating system will not delete the program text from the swap area when the last user process terminates. If a 0413 a.out or ELF executable file has the sticky bit set, the ...
Permission 644, usually shown as rw-r--r--, gives the file owner full permission to read and write the file, while other users have read-only access. In some shells, the {} must be quoted. The trailing " ; " is customarily quoted with a leading " \ ", but could just as effectively be enclosed in single quotes.