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Acupuncture [b] is a form of alternative medicine [2] and a component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. [3] Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; [4] [5] the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge, [6] and it has been characterized as quackery. [c]
The meridian system (simplified Chinese: 经络; traditional Chinese: 經絡; pinyin: jīngluò, also called channel network) is a pseudoscientific concept from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that alleges meridians are paths through which the life-energy known as "qi" (ch'i) flows.
There is no scientific evidence for the existence of acupuncture points, meridians, or qi. [ 2 ] Although some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, insomnia , low back pain , migraines , and constipation , among other things, such studies have been found to have a high ...
More than four hundred acupuncture points have been described, with the majority located on one of the twenty main cutaneous and subcutaneous meridians, pathways which run throughout the body and according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transport qi.
[a] [86] The scientific evidence for the anatomical existence of either meridians or acupuncture points is not compelling. [87] Stephen Barrett of Quackwatch writes that, "TCM theory and practice are not based upon the body of knowledge related to health, disease, and health care that has been widely accepted by the scientific community.
“Acupuncture at its core is a circulatory medicine. It releases constrictions to facilitate better flow of blood and fluids through the body. This enables better perfusion of oxygen and other ...
Felix Mann (10 April 1931 – 2 October 2014) was a German-born acupuncturist. [1] He devised the system known as Scientific Acupuncture and was the founder and past president of the Medical Acupuncture Society (1959–1980).
Acupuncture in Medicine is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering aspects of acupuncture and related techniques. The journal was established in 1982 by the British Medical Acupuncture Society , but was published by the BMJ Group on behalf of the Society from 2008 to 2018 and SAGE Publishing from 2019.