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Alginic acid: It is a common polysaccharide in the cell walls of brown algae. Sulfonated polysaccharides: They occur in the cell walls of most algae; those common in red algae include agarose, carrageenan, porphyran, furcelleran and funoran. Other compounds that may accumulate in algal cell walls include sporopollenin and calcium ions.
Green algae have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll a and b, giving them a bright green colour, as well as the accessory pigments beta carotene (red-orange) and xanthophylls (yellow) in stacked thylakoids. [12] [13] The cell walls of green algae usually contain cellulose, and they store carbohydrate in the form of starch. [14]
Brown algae have a δ 13 C value in the range of −30.0‰ to −10.5‰, in contrast with red algae and greens. This reflects their different metabolic pathways. [51] They have cellulose walls with alginic acid and also contain the polysaccharide fucoidan in the amorphous sections of their cell walls.
Red algae have double cell walls. [46] The outer layers contain the polysaccharides agarose and agaropectin that can be extracted from the cell walls as agar by boiling. [46] The internal walls are mostly cellulose. [46] They also have the most gene-rich plastid genomes known. [47]
Diatoms, unicellular algae that have siliceous cell walls. [46] They are the most abundant form of algae in the ocean, although they can be found in fresh water as well. [46] They account for about 40% of the world's primary marine production, and produce about 25% of the world's oxygen. [47] Diatoms are very diverse, and comprise about 100,000 ...
Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales. They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls. The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of red, but some species can be purple, yellow, blue, white, or gray-green.
The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
The structure of these algae is unicellular, and lacks flagella.Although most desmid species are unicellular, some genera form chains of cells, called filaments. A few genera form non-filamentous colonies, with individual cells connected by threads or remnants of parent cell walls.