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Alginic acid: It is a common polysaccharide in the cell walls of brown algae. Sulfonated polysaccharides: They occur in the cell walls of most algae; those common in red algae include agarose, carrageenan, porphyran, furcelleran and funoran. Other compounds that may accumulate in algal cell walls include sporopollenin and calcium ions.
Some algae may also store food in the form of oil droplets. The inner cell wall layer is made of cellulose and the outer layer of pectose. Reproduction ...
Green algae have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll a and b, giving them a bright green colour, as well as the accessory pigments beta carotene (red-orange) and xanthophylls (yellow) in stacked thylakoids. [12] [13] The cell walls of green algae usually contain cellulose, and they store carbohydrate in the form of starch. [14]
[3] [4] Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. [5] Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. [6]
Red algae have double cell walls. [45] The outer layers contain the polysaccharides agarose and agaropectin that can be extracted from the cell walls as agar by boiling. [45] The internal walls are mostly cellulose. [45] They also have the most gene-rich plastid genomes known. [46]
Algae (UK: / ˈ æ l ɡ iː / AL-ghee, US: / ˈ æ l dʒ iː / AL-jee; [3] sg.: alga / ˈ æ l ɡ ə / AL-gə) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, which include species from multiple distinct clades.
Chlorella is a genus of about thirteen species of single-celled green algae of the division Chlorophyta. The cells are spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and are without flagella. Their chloroplasts contain the green photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll-a and -b.
Brown algae have a δ 13 C value in the range of −30.0‰ to −10.5‰, in contrast with red algae and greens. This reflects their different metabolic pathways. [51] They have cellulose walls with alginic acid and also contain the polysaccharide fucoidan in the amorphous sections of their cell walls.