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An excerpt from Eyeliner: A Cultural History details the history of the elusive Egyptian queen, and the everlasting allure of her kohl rimmed eyes.
The ancient Egyptians created a remedy for burns by mixing the cheek and lip stain with red natron, northern salt, and honey. [9] The Ebers Papyrus, a collection of Egyptian medical recipes dating to circa 1550 BC, shows the usual galena pigment could also be combined with specific ingredients to create eye paints that were intended to treat eye infection. [10]
Cosmetics are also mentioned in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described. Both sexes used cosmetics throughout the pre-Islamic Near East, going back to the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and Iran. [13] Eye makeup in the form of kohl, were used in Persia and what today is Iran from ancient periods. [14]
Kohl powder A fourth-century CE double cosmetic tube for kohl from Egypt, in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Kohl is an eye cosmetic, traditionally made by crushing stibnite for use similar to that of charcoal in mascara.
Ancient Egyptian women and men wearing kohl eye liner, from the tomb of Nakht in Thebes (15th century BC). Eye liner was first used in ancient India, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a dark black line around the eyes. As early as 10,000 BC, Egyptians and Mesopotamians wore eye liner not only for aesthetics but to protect the skin from the ...
Nefertiti (/ ˌ n ɛ f ər ˈ t iː t i / [3]) (c. 1370 – c. 1330 BC) was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, the great royal wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten.Nefertiti and her husband were known for their radical overhaul of state religious policy, in which they promoted the earliest known form of monotheism, Atenism, centered on the sun disc and its direct connection to the royal household.
Cosmetic palettes are archaeological artifacts, originally used in predynastic Egypt to grind and apply ingredients for facial or body cosmetics. The decorative palettes of the late 4th millennium BCE appear to have lost this function and became commemorative, ornamental, and possibly ceremonial.
Joann Fletcher (born 30 August 1966) is an Egyptologist and an honorary visiting professor in the department of archaeology at the University of York.She has published a number of books and academic articles, including several on Cleopatra, and made numerous television and radio appearances.