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Although the inverted retina of vertebrates appears counter-intuitive, it is necessary for the proper functioning of the retina. The photoreceptor layer must be embedded in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which performs at least seven vital functions, [41] one of the most obvious being to supply oxygen and other necessary nutrients needed ...
The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly). The spaces of the eye are filled with the aqueous humour anteriorly, between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous body , a jelly-like substance, behind the lens, filling the entire posterior ...
[3] [4] [5] The clinical macula is seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography. The anatomical macula is defined histologically in terms of having two or more layers of ganglion cells. [11] The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea.
The uvea (/ ˈ j uː v i ə /; [1] derived from Latin: uva meaning "grape"), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, vascular tunic or vascular layer, is the pigmented middle layer of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, precisely between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
The outer nuclear layer (or layer of outer granules or external nuclear layer), is one of the layers of the vertebrate retina, the light-detecting portion of the eye.Like the inner nuclear layer, the outer nuclear layer contains several strata of oval nuclear bodies; they are of two kinds, viz.: rod and cone granules, so named on account of their being respectively connected with the rods and ...
In the anatomy of the eye, the inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules, of the retina, is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.
The nervous tunic, also known as the tunica nervosa oculi, is the inner sensory layer which includes the retina. [4] [7] Contributing to vision, the retina contains the photosensitive rod and cone cells and associated neurons. To maximise vision and light absorption, the retina is a relatively smooth (but curved) layer.
Layers 1, 4, and 6 correspond to information from the contralateral (crossed) fibers of the nasal retina (temporal visual field); layers 2, 3, and 5 correspond to information from the ipsilateral (uncrossed) fibers of the temporal retina (nasal visual field). Layer one contains M cells, which correspond to the M (magnocellular) cells of the ...