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Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
Orthographic: Azimuthal Perspective Hipparchos* View from an infinite distance. 1740 Vertical perspective: Azimuthal Perspective Matthias Seutter* View from a finite distance. Can only display less than a hemisphere. 1919 Two-point equidistant: Azimuthal Equidistant Hans Maurer Two "control points" can be almost arbitrarily chosen.
The weak-perspective model thus approximates perspective projection while using a simpler model, similar to the pure (unscaled) orthographic perspective. It is a reasonable approximation when the depth of the object along the line of sight is small compared to the distance from the camera, and the field of view is small.
Example of the use of descriptive geometry to find the shortest connector between two skew lines. The red, yellow and green highlights show distances which are the same for projections of point P. Given the X, Y and Z coordinates of P, R, S and U, projections 1 and 2 are drawn to scale on the X-Y and X-Z planes, respectively.
Orthographic multiview projection is derived from the principles of descriptive geometry and may produce an image of a specified, imaginary object as viewed from any direction of space. Orthographic projection is distinguished by parallel projectors emanating from all points of the imaged object and which intersect of projection at right angles.
This projection has many named specializations differing only in the scaling constant, such as the Gall–Peters or Gall orthographic (undistorted at the 45° parallels), Behrmann (undistorted at the 30° parallels), and Lambert cylindrical equal-area (undistorted at the equator). Since this projection scales north-south distances by the ...
Linear or point-projection perspective (from Latin perspicere 'to see through') is one of two types of graphical projection perspective in the graphic arts; the other is parallel projection. [citation needed] [dubious – discuss] Linear perspective is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye.
Classification of Parallel projection and some 3D projections A parallel projection corresponds to a perspective projection with a hypothetical viewpoint; i.e. one where the camera lies an infinite distance away from the object and has an infinite focal length, or "zoom". Various projections and how they are produced