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Argon is preferred to less expensive nitrogen in cases where nitrogen may react with the reagents or apparatus. Argon may be used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography and in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ; it is the gas of choice for the plasma used in ICP spectroscopy .
Argon compounds, the chemical compounds that contain the element argon, are rarely encountered due to the inertness of the argon atom. However, compounds of argon have been detected in inert gas matrix isolation, cold gases, and plasmas, and molecular ions containing argon have been made and also detected in space.
Additionally, krypton is a lighter ion, so the unit mass per ionization energy is further reduced compared to xenon. However, xenon can be more than ten times as expensive as krypton per kilogram , making krypton a more economical choice for building out satellite constellations like that of SpaceX 's Starlink V1, whose original Hall thrusters ...
The only possible motion of an atom in a monatomic gas is translation (electronic excitation is not important at room temperature). Thus by the equipartition theorem , the kinetic energy of a single atom of a monatomic gas at thermodynamic temperature T is given by 3 2 k B T {\displaystyle {\frac {3}{2}}k_{\text{B}}T} , where k B is the ...
So the area of the circle is the cross-section and its radius is the sum of the radii of the particles. N {\displaystyle N} is the number of molecules which electrons can hit. It can be calculated using the equation of state of the ideal gas
In the ground state the binding energy or MgAr + is 1281 cm −1 and in the A 2 Π 1 / 2 state is 5554 cm −1 (3.66 kcal/mol). [1] The A 2 Π 1 / 2 state has a stronger bond because a p electron overlaps the argon atom less, and thus has less repulsion. [2] The dissociation energy of the ground state ion is 1295 cm −1 (15 kJ ...
Hydrogen is extremely flammable. Some countries have banned the use of hydrogen as a lift gas for commercial vehicles but it is allowed for recreational free ballooning in the United States, United Kingdom and Germany. The Hindenburg disaster is frequently cited as an example of the safety risks posed by hydrogen. The extremely high cost of ...
The reduction from a fully quantum description to a classical potential entails two main approximations. The first one is the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, which states that the dynamics of electrons are so fast that they can be considered to react instantaneously to the motion of their nuclei. As a consequence, they may be treated separately.