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  2. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_paroxysmal...

    Short-term self-resolution of BPPV is unlikely because the effective cure maneuvers induce strong vertigo which the patient will naturally resist and not accidentally perform. The first medical description of the condition occurred in 1921 by Róbert Bárány. [11] Approximately 2.4% of people are affected at some point in time. [1]

  3. Otolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otolith

    An otolith (Ancient Greek: ὠτο-, ōto-ear + λῐ́θος, líthos, a stone), also called otoconium, statolith, or statoconium, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates. The saccule and utricle, in turn, together make the otolith organs.

  4. Otolithic membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otolithic_membrane

    Otoconia are crystals of calcium carbonate and make the otolithic membrane heavier than the structures and fluids surrounding it. [1] The otoconia are composite crystallites that overlie the macular sensory epithelium of the gravity receptors of most vertebrates and are required for optimal stimulus input of linear acceleration and gravity. [3]

  5. Utricle (ear) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utricle_(ear)

    The macula of utricle (macula acustica utriculi) is a small (2 by 3 mm) thickening lying horizontally on the floor of the utricle where the epithelium contains vestibular hair cells that allow a person to perceive changes in latitudinal acceleration as well as the effects of gravity; it receives the utricular filaments of the acoustic nerve.

  6. Epley maneuver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epley_maneuver

    Epley maneuver. The Epley maneuver or repositioning maneuver is a maneuver used by medical professionals to treat one common cause of vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) [1] [needs update] of the posterior or anterior canals of the ear. [2]

  7. Otosclerosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otosclerosis

    Fluoride ions inhibit the rapid progression of disease. In the otosclerotic ear, there occurs formation of hydroxylapatite crystals which lead to stapes (or other) fixation. The administration of fluoride replaces the hydroxyl radical with fluoride leading to the formation of fluorapatite crystals.

  8. Perilymph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perilymph

    Perilymph and endolymph have unique ionic compositions suited to their functions in regulating electrochemical impulses of hair cells necessary for hearing. The electric potential of endolymph is ~80-90 mV more positive than perilymph due to a higher concentration of potassium cations (K +) in endolymph and higher sodium (Na +) in perilymph. [4]

  9. Crista ampullaris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crista_ampullaris

    The inner ear comprises three specialized regions of the membranous labyrinth: the vestibular sacs – the utricle and saccule, and the semicircular canals, which are the vestibular organs, as well as the cochlear duct, which is involved in the special sense of hearing.